Service providers can use our findings on access distances to optimize vehicle repositioning. Our results enable researchers and planners to test the effectiveness of policy interventions through transport simulations. Substitution patterns reveal that personal e-scooters and e-bikes emit less CO 2 than the transport modes they replace, while shared e-scooters and e-bikes emit more CO 2 than the transport modes they replace. Visit the websites below for the current rates. We find that trip distance, precipitation and access distance are fundamental to micro-mobility mode choice. Travelers will be reimbursed based on the established daily allowance for expenses. When travel behavior is understood as a social phenomenon, researcher observe and understand the trips as a whole. When people contextualizing travel as a personal choice or decision-making, the traveler as a subject make mode choices, driving or not. We contribute by collecting a large dataset with matching GPS tracks, booking data and survey data for more than 500 travellers, and by estimating a first choice model between eight transport modes, including shared e-scooters, shared e-bikes, personal e-scooters and personal e-bikes. Two different perspectives, individual and collective, can explain travel behavior. Understanding mode choice, in particular, is quintessential for incorporating micro-mobility into transport simulations in order to enable effective transport planning. Shared micro-mobility services are rapidly expanding yet little is known about travel behaviour.
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